Headlight



Oct. 22, 1929. w. DA. RYAN HEADLIGHT Filed Feb. 17, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet INVIENTOR. mu raw Dflkcr 751M.

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Oct. 22, 1929. w, 'A RYAN 1,732,914

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Oct. 22, 1929. w. DA. RYAN 1,732,914

HEADLIGHT Filed Feb. 17, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 F'ica.

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HEADLIGHT Filed Feb. 17, 1926 s Sheets-Sheet 4 Oct. 22, 1929. w, I. RYAN 1,732,914

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Patented a. 22, 1929 PATENT OFFICE WALTER DABCY RYAN, OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK I I HEADLIGHT My invention relates to improvements in I headlights and is particularly concerned,

though not necessaril limited, with improve-.

ment in headlights .or automotive vehicles.

It is the object of my invention to provide a headlight that will illuminate the areas immediately in front of and at both sides of the vehicle by which it is carried, and also, perhaps, illuminate the forward portion of the vehicle so that the headlight'itself will be surrounded by an area that is quite brightly illuminated, and in this manner the cohtrast between the intenselyilluminated reflector of the headlight-and 'its surroundings will be greatly reduced. I

I accomplish the above and other objects of my invention by providing a'headlight in which the reflector is -so conformed that most of the light reflected by the lower half of the reflector is thrown up' into and substantially superimposed upon the light in the beam produced by the upper half of the part of the light from the reflector, and

concentrated lower half of the reflector is in the top of the central area of the beam produced by the upper half of the reflector.

This "arrangement produces a beam that is more or less crescent-shaped-in cross section and has a greater intensity in the up-, per central area' of the beam than at any other point or region. The direct light from the source, passing throu h the lens, without reflection from the re ector, in addition I, to some reflected light,

rovides adequate illumination of the roa way immediately ahead of the vehicle.

To insure adequate illumination of that part of the roadway that lies intermediate the immediate fore ound and that portion of the road reac ed by the top portion of the beam, I provide a lens comprising means for diffusing light from the end regions of the crescent beam toward the center of the road and also provide means for diffusing some of the light from these portions ofthe beam toward the sides of the road, that is, into the curbs, ditches, fences, etc., at the sides of the road.

Furthermore, I have found that the headlight described herein has a non-sensitive Application' flled February 17, 1926. Serial No. 88,911.

re ion forthe source of light, of comparatively ar e dimensions, thereby permitting considera le variation in the size andposition of the source of light without material, or

at least, without etrimental efiect on the character of'the beam and illumination produced. 1

Figure 1 is a vertical section through" a headlight .embodying my invention;

Figure 2is a transverse section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1; i

Figure 3 is a frontele'vation of the lens that I prefer to use with the reflector to be described herein; l

Figure 4 is a section, on an enlarged scale, taken through line -44 of Figure 3;v

Figure 5 is a detail section, on an enlarged scale, taken on-line 55 of Figure 3; Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and'15 show the outlineof tem lates used in producing the drawing dieead shown in Figure 16.; v Figure 16 is an end elevation of the drawmg die-head, and in addition, comprises contour lines, drawn in solid lines, and dotted circles intersecting each of the contour lines to show the deviations from true circles of sections taken on the several contour lines; Figure 17 is the outline of a cross section of beams of light produced by the top and lower halves of the reflector with the lamp on the axis and positioned just outside of the plane of the edge of the reflector;

Figure 18 is the outline of a cross section of the beams of light produced by the top and lower halves of the reflector when the lamp is positioned substantially three eighths of an inch below the axis of the reflector and just outside of the plane of the edge of the reflector;

Figure 19 is the outline of the crosssection of the beam produced by the whole reflector reflector; 1

Figure 21 is the outline of the cross sectlon of the beam produced'by the whole reflector when the lamp is approxlmatel three ei hths of an inch below the axis and t ree eight s of an inch behind the plane of the edge of the reflector;

Figure22 is the cross section of the beam roduced by the whole reflector when the amp is approximately three eighths of an inch below the axis of the reflector and three ei hths of an inch ahead of the plane of the go of the reflector.

In Figures 17 to 22, inclusive, the screen intersecting the beam was ten feet distant from the reflector.

Figure 23 is a set of light distribution curves that are useful in determining to some extent the intensity of illumination in the various parts of the beam produced by the reflector. These curves relate to the distribution of light from the upper portion of the reflector.

Figures 25 and 27 are views similar to ure 23 but relating to a distribution of lig t from the central side portion of the reflector and bottom, respectively; and

Figures 24, 26 and 28 are charts to be use in connection with Figures 23, 25 and 27, respectively.

Throughout the several views similar reference characters are used for referring to similar parts.

My improved headlight comprises, in general, a housing comprising the back 50 and the cylindrical side shown as being integrall formed. A more or less hollow c lindrical stem 52 is secured to the back and extends downwardly to be connected in any suitable manner upon the vehicle. A door ring or bezel. 55 is mounted upon the side wall 51 by means of a hinge 56, and any suitable sort of latch mechanism 57 may be used for holding this door ring in position. The bowl-shaped lens 58, a more detailed description of which will later be given, is held 111 the door ring,

means of the ring 59 having the flange 60 or bezel, by

vwhich yieldingly engages the flange 58 of the lens. The rings 55 and 59- are riveted, swetted, or otherwise secured, to the stiffening ring 61, and a gasket 62, preferably of rubber, is inserted between the edge of the cylindrical wall 51 and the adjacent edge of the stiffening ring 61 to exclude dust, moisture, etc.

' The reflector 63, to which more detailed reference will later be made, comprises a backturned stiffening ring 64 and is supported by brackets 65 carried by the back of the housing, the connection between the bracket and the reflector being made by means of screws, or pivot pins, 66 that extend through the stiffening ring 64 and the brackwall 51 which are here 5 ets 65. 'A socket 67 is suitably mounted in the reflector for receivin electric lamp. 68. Prefera l practice, the metallic portion of the socket '67 is connected with one terminal of the filament of the lamp 68 and rounded throu h the metallic portions of tfie lamp upon t e frame of the vehicle. The lamp 68 may have any suitable type offilament, but is here shown 'as being rovided with the usual V type of filament This filament, as shown in Figure 1, lies just outside the ing t rough the edge of the re electric cord, or cable, conducting the current For certain reasons, I prefer to tilt the, axis of the reflector so that it meets the road in advance of the vehicle and for suitably holding the reflector in its tilted position I may provide an adjusting mechanism comprising the screw 71 that is rotatably mounted in the back of the housing and which passes through a nut 72. This nut engages the downturned portion 73 of a bracket 74, secured to the flange of the reflector, and a spring 75, confined between the back of the housin and the downturned portion 7 3' of the braciet, tends to hold the lane passector. An may be used for to the lamp.

1 latter in contact with the nut. In this mannor, by turning the screw 71, the nut 72 can be adjustedthrougho'ut a considerable range and the tilt of the reflector is determined by the position of the nut.

The lens for.1ny improved reflector may take various forms, but I find that the one shown in Figures 1 and 2 operates satisfactorily. This lens 58 has a flattened, conical front portion 76 and a marginal flange 77 that extends ata slight angle to the axis a'.z-, of the lens. In this embodiment of the lens it is a of substantially uniform thickness throughout and is not provided with any special diffusing or defracting means, although if it is desired the center portion thereof, immediately in front of the filament, may be sli htly frosted.

In igures 3 to 5, inclusive, I have shown a preferred embodiment of the lens 78 comprising a front portion 79 that is more or less the shape of a flattened cone, but in which the rounded apex 80 is-positioned slightly below the axis of the lens, so that it will lie hereafter referred to,

the base of the y, as isthe usual almost directly in front of the filament of the tilted as shown in side of the lens,

. From an inspection of Figures 2, 3 and 4 it will be noted that the prisms 81 at'each are of such character .as to considerably refract the light incident thereon toward the center of the beam. The intermediate prisms 84, shown on anenlarged scale in Figure 5, are symmetrical about vertical axes and tend to distribute light incident thereon horizontally in both directions. I

,ure 16 of the drawin iron and its contour can be determined by means of the templates referred to in Figures 6 to 15, inclusive. In these figures I v have attempted, as accurately as possible, to

disclose the I curvature, or contour, of one form of the reflector forming a part of my invention. The curved line 85 o the template shown in Figure 6 is the curvature of the line that would be formed by the intersection of a plane passing through the line 6-18 in Fi ure 16 and parallel with the axis of the re ector. That is, this plane would be normal to the plane of the paper upon which Figure 16 ismade. In a similar manner, the curves 86 to 94, inclusive, of Figures 7 to 15, respectively, indicate the curvatures of the die-head on the lines 1-17, 2-16, 3-15, 414, and so on, down to line 9-9 for the curve 94. i

Figures 6 to 16, inclusive, are substantially half scale drawings and, as stated, have been made as accurately as possible, to enable any-one skilled in the art of drawing headlight reflectors to reproduce the die from which I have made one form of reflector described and claimed herein, I have indicated dimensions upon each of Figures 6 to 15 inclusive, that will enable any one skllled in' this art to make such a die-head. It is believed that the application of these dimensions is so clear that any one can follow them without further instructions, although it might be stated that the lines that extend horizontally across the templates, and all of which, except the outer two, are intended to indicate the intersection of a plane, passed through the die-head perpendicular to the axis of the die-head.

The dotted circles of Figure 16 have nothing to do with the shape of the die-head or reflector, except that they are useful for indicating the extent to which any section of the reflector perpendicular to its axis varies from a true circle such as would result if the reflector were, or had, a true surface of revolution.

the templates of Fi ures but in order An inspection of Figures 6 to 15, inclusive,

will disclose that in the embodiment of my surface of revolution. B reference to Figure 16 in particular it Wlll be seen that the top portions of the reflector are bent toward the axis more closely than the side portions and that the bottom portions of the reflector are bent toward the axis moreclosely than the top. The side portions are not symmetrical about an axis coinciding with the line 9-9 of Fi ure 16, in that the maximum outward disp acement of the sides from-a true surface of revolution takes place along lines corresponding to lines 7-11 of Figure 16.

From an inspection of Figure 16'it might appear that the variation in contour of my reflector from that of the original hyperboloidal reflector is not great, but it will be seen from the explanation about to follow that whatever variations do exist have produced markedchanges in the character of the beam produced b the reflector.

With my improve form of reflector indicated in Figures 6 to 16, inclusive, the depressing, or distortion, of the upper portion of the reflector toward the axis has the effect of very considerably depressing the top portion of the beam and" concentratirw the light in the top portion of the beam, alt iough it is not depressed sufliciently to bring the rays into parallelism flector. However, when the reflector is tilted, as described above, the rays in the top portion of the beam are depressed slightly so, that they cannot strike the face of the driver of an approaching car.

In the reflector of Figures 6 to 16, the elevating of the lower portions of the reflector produces an even more marked change in the character of the beam from the lower portion of the reflector than the depression of the upper art of the reflector has upon the beam from tie upper portion of the reflector, because, in addition to being elevated more than the top portions are depressed, the lower portion of the reflector is actually positioned forward so as to cause the lower portion of the edge of the reflector to extend beyond the side and upper portions. But this protruding portion is cut oif so as to make all parts of the edge of the reflector lie in substantially the same plane. This forward positioning of the bottom portion of the reflector, in combination with the raising or elevating of the same, causes the light reflected from the lower portion of the reflector to take an upwardly inclined direc-.

tion in place of a downwardly inclined direction as would occur with a true hyper boloidal reflector.

The result of this arrangement, with the electric lamp or source of light placed in the up more or less into focal region or at a or less coincide with t istics in that itis fore, does not interfere with approaching }point that would more is, a point lying on the axis just outside the lane of the edge of the reflector, is that the eam produced by the upper half of the reflector' at a point some ten feet in advance of the reflector has a cross section with an outline similar, in general, to that shown at a in Figure 17, and the cross section of the beam produced by the lower half of the reflector hasan outline similar to that shown at b. Sucha beam has valuable characterconvex on top and, theredrivers, and in that a good bit of the light that a truehyperboloidal reflector would throw onto the road immediately in front of the vehicle where it is not required and into the elds at the side of the road, is forced the top of the beam where it is useful in illumi ating the roadway much farther in advance of the vehicle, it being understood, of course, that in order to illuminate the roadway farther in advance of the vehicle with anintensity that is useful for driving purposes, the intensity'of the beam that illuminates that part of the :roadway must be greater than is required for the illumination of the roadway closfer'to the vehicle. Whereas in the specific structure shown herein, the light source is positioned directly on the plane through the forward edge of the V reflector, and said plane extends substantially on the road is desirable the reflecting surface.

. described in detail, the surface of the through the focal region thereof, it will be understood that wherever additional light may be carried forwardly of the focal region an light source without materially altering the .character of the beam thereby. In such a structure obtaining the same desirable results as herein shown and reflector would still be substantially in the rear of the plane passing through the focal region of the reflector thus effecting a comparatively shallow reflector as distinguished from the deeper reflector having the greater portion of the reflectin surface forwardly of the plane through the focal region.

It should be kept in mind that in Figures 17 to 22, inclusive,'the beams of light are not of equal intensity throughout the cross sections, and this remark applies to Figure 17 to a greater extent than to the beams shown in section in Figure 18, the source of light to produce which, as stated above in the brief description of these figures, was displaced downwardly in front of a reflector of the form of Figures 6 to 16, described herein, substantially three eighths of an inch below the axis of the reflector. This has the effect of slightly elevating the rays in the beam produced by the upper portions of thejreflector but veryunuch more raising the rays in the e focus of the-reflector, if it were a true hyperboloidal reflector, that j of the beam. projected beam produced I y the lower portions of thereflector, and in each case, the rays from the This is clearly'shown in Figure 18, in which, as stated above, a and b are outlines of the sections of the beams produced by the upper ieind lower portions, respectively, of the reector.

The outward displacement of the sides ofthe reflector, which is greatest in the general direct-ion of the lines extending from the axis of the reflector to the numbers 7 in Figure 16, produces the effect of spreading outwardly toward the sides of the road the lower sides of the crescent shaped beams and gradually reducing the intensity of theseportions of the beams in directions away from the center of the road, thereby producing the useful function, set out above, of illuminating the sides'ofthe road, the at some distance in advance of the vehicle. Between these portions cated at b in Figure 18, which the 'intensity of illumination is rela-' tively low and it is'to correct this deficiency thatl make use of the refracting prisms of the lens shown in Figures 3 to 5, inclusive. The side prisms, especially, act to direct rays from the portions 6 of the beam into what would otherwise be a relatively darker area, as well as also to refract toward the sides of the road some of the light in these portions It will be understood that the central portions of the beam are those portions that are effective in illuminating the road at the greatest distance from the vehicle and points the portions of the road immediately in front of the vehicle are illuminated by the direct raysof light passing through the lens without reflection by the reflector. These rays are nearer to the vehicle, but that intensity of light in the beam is increased.

ditches, fences, etc.,

of the beams, indithere 1s an area m" more or less evenly distributed by the center 4 7 retracting prisms of the lens. 7

Reference to the charts shown in Figures 24, 26 and 28, and to the light distribution curves of the/corresponding Figures 23, 25 and 27, respectively, will make the nature of the beam produced what more'apparent. These curves were obtained'by placing in front of a reflector of the form of Figures 6 to 16, a disc, pivoted to be rotatable about the axis of the reflector, and havin a narrow radial slot extending from a point near the axis to the periphery of the reflector. This slot was then successively moved to positions corresponding to the lettered radial lines of Figures 24, 26 and 28 and a screen was placed in front of the reflector at a distance of approximately twelve feet from the lens, with the result that in each position a narrow beam of light was thrown upon the screen andtheshape of this beam was indicated upon the screenby a.

the upper half of the reflector is fairly regular, although along certain lines there-is apparently a tendencyfor the light to converge. This is indicated by the coinciding of lines B, C and D throughout the greater portion of their length. i a

' The curves forming Figure 27 are of considerable interest because they clearly show the tendency of thelower portions of the reflector to throw the rays reflected from these portions up into the area of the beam produced by the upper portions of the reflector. It should be understood that the inner ends of the numbered lines in Figures 23, 25 and'27 terminate at substantially the same point which, of course, indicates that the beam produced by the lower portions of the reflector is substantially superimposed upon the beam produced by the upper half. Lines 4, 5, 6 and 7 of Figure 27 clearly indicate that the portions of the reflector lying close to the central axis and between the lines5 and 8 tend to elevate the rays reflected therefrom, and that this tendency gradually increases and thendecreases until the rays reflected from the outer portions of the reflector lying between the lines 5 and 8 actually direct the rays downwardly. This is clearly indicated by the fact that these curyes'have reversely curved porthe ends of which lie below the horiindicated by the intersection of the two light lines as, y. This characteristic is present in curves 2 and 3 but not to as great an extent. It is quite probable that line 8 of Figure 27 includes a reversely directed portion but this portion coincides with the outwardly directed portion so that its true character does not appear in this figure.

It will be apparent that if the curves of Figures 23, 25 and 27 are superimposed upon each other and an outline is traced about the mass of curves thus produced, this outline will roughly assume the form of half of a crescent, and this is really the tions, zontal axial plane,

convex on its upper side,

true shape of the beam as has heretofore been explained in connection withFigure 18. M

The reversely curved outer portions of curves 5, 6 and 7 of Figure 27 indicate that the light reflected from the lower portion of the reflector, defined by lines 5 to 8, Figure 28,.

repeated. Fi re except a small opening,

does not diverge as rapidly as the light reflected from the portions lyin above this portion. As a result, the intensity of illumination in the beam produced byl theportion of the reflector lying between t e lines 5 and 8 is greater than the intensity of the beam produced by portions of the reflector lying above this region.

Further reference to Figures 23to 28, inclusive, will make the operation of the reflector somewhat more clear, figures also indicate, somewhat more specifically, the intensity of the light in theva'rious parts of the beam. The filament shaped lines of Figures 23,25 and 27 were obtained by making use of the same slotted disc, but in each radial position of this slot all of the slot, was covered and this small opening was shifted along the slot in each of its positions to positions corresponding to the circles numbered 2, 4, 6, 8, etc., in Figures 24, 26 and 28.

It will, of course,,-be understood that with each position of, this small opening the beam of light passing therethrough'defined a more or less irregularimage of the filament of the 24, 26 and 28, respectively, to determine the position of the opening that produced each of the filament images. For instance, in Figure 23, the filament image designated by L-14 was produced when the slot was in the position of line L of Figure 24 and the open-- ing was approximately on the circle 14. In

' the same way the'filament image L'2 was roduced with'the slot in the same position ut the opening on circle 2. B thus comparing the designations of the fi ament images with the letters and numbers of Figure'24,

the exact position of the opening producing any image of the filament can be determined.

This same method of determining the position of the opening for any filament image of Figures 25 and 27 can be used in connection with Figures 26 and 28, respectively. By reference to Figure 23 and Figure 24 it will be seen that when the opening was at point 2 on lme L the filament image L-2 was produced, and that as the opening was successively moved to points 4, 6, 8, 10, the positionv of the image moved upwardly in more or less uniform relation, thereby indicating that this portion of the reflector acts more or less uniformly in reflecting the light fromthe source.

A similar inspection of the filament images produced by moving the slot from positions 2 to 12 on line 8 of Figure 28 indicates a very markedly different performance. The filament images 8-2 and 8-4 are separated very much more than are images L2 and because these and thesame comment applies to fila--. mentimages 8-4 an line 7 ofligure 28, shows that 1 28 there is a change in the character 0 d'8.6 as compared with L-6 on Figure 23, and filament image 810, in lac'e of. being positioned outside or above would if'the reflection from elower portion of thereflector were uniform and reg1 y lar, lies quite a distance inside or downwar from filament image 88, indicating ,that some place between'the points 8 and 10 on the line 8, the characteristic of the reflector for the reverse curve in line 7 'of Figure 27.

l t e bottom, and that t e spacing of the filament ima es in Figures 23 25 and 27 is a more or ess rough index of the intensity of the light in the various portions'of these curves, although the extreme con estion of the filament images at the points where the lines A to L and 1 to 8 converge is due to their convergence and cannot, for that reason, be relied upon as a true index of the intensity at their point of convergence.

From an inspection of Figure 27 and of' Figure 23, it will be a parent that the beam produced by the head ight as a-whole has a eater intensity alon its top side than at e beam'has a greater intensity at its center than at its sides. The utilit of this feature of the beam has heretofore en explained and for that reason will not be repeated. 1

It will also be apparent from the above description that I have produced a headlight reflector in which the top and bottom portions produce beams, the rays of which are in general diver ent, that is, they spread outwardly from 51c reflector, but said beams are mutually convergent, that is, the beam produced by the lower half of the reflector converges with and becomes superimposed upon, orcoincident with, the beam produced by the top portion of the reflector.

. From the above description it will be apparent that I have produced a headlight comprising a source of light, a reflector of novel construction and a lens of novel construction, so inter-related in their shape and dimensions as to produce a maximum efliciency in the distribution of the light produced by the source and have, at the same time, avoided producin areas in which there is a violent contrast fietween the illumination. In this ament imr'zge 8-8, as it" the beam represented by ygiving the possible for the eye of the one that is simple-in construction an economical to manufacture.

While I have describedthe detaiis of construction -ofthe preferred embodiment of m invention, it is to be clearly understood'that my invention is not limited tothese details but is capable of other adaptations and modi- I fications within the scope ofthe appe ,ded claims. 1

c aim is:

1. In a vehicle lamp comprising a enerally focahzmg reflector having a ,focal gion, a light source substantially in the focal the major ortion of the reflector above the axis bemg eformed from a surface of revolutlon to pro ect a substantially crescent shaped beam with horns down, and the major portion of the. reflector below the axis being deformed Havingthus describediiiy invention, hat because the fila- I 1 region,

from the surfaceof revolution to. project a substantially crescent beam beams being substantially super-imposed. 2. A headlight comprising a reflector/fa source of light positioned within the focal region thereon and co-actin therewith, said re ector comprising to and bottom portions each produc ng a beam aving a cross-section that 1s, an inverted crescent in shape, said top and botttm portions being positioned th respect to eachother to cause a substantial coincidence of said beams.

3. a vehicle lamp comprising a generally focahzmg reflector havin a focal region, a light source substantially in the focal re ion, said reflector having the major ortions a ove and below the axis of said oflight, the 1' re ector bent toward the axis and the ma'or portions of the side sections bent awa rom the axis, the lower ma or toward the mag'or portions of the side sections bent away rom the axis, the

lower major portion being bent toward the axis more closelythan the upper major portion, and a source of li ht positioned inthe focal region of said re therewith to project a pair of laterally divergmg beams substantially super-imposed upon projected by the upper v ector so as to coact and intermediate the upper an each other and having their upper boundary lines curved downwar 1y.

5. In a vehicle lamp comprising a generally distance forwar ly of the surface of revolution than the upper portion, and the major portions of the reflector laterall of the axis lower portions bein deformed to extend rearwardly of the surface of revolution, whereby a downwardly by the reflector from the reflecting surface below the axis thereof and super-im osed on a ortion of the beam projected rom the re ecting surface above the axis to give a greater intensity of light in the upper central area thereof.

6. In a vehicle lamp comprising a generally focalizing reflector having a focal region, a light source substantially in the focal region, said reflector being deformed from a surface of revolution to project a downwardly turned substantially crescent shaped beam of light in cross section, and a lens ositioned over said reflector having prisms ormed in a section of its surface for intercepting the lower and side portions of said beam forspreading the same laterally and an upper central clear section permitting the upper portion of said beam to be pro ected structed.

7 In a vehicle lamp comprising a reflector having a focal region, a source of light in said focal region, the major portions above and below the axis of said reflector being bent toward the axis and the major side portions of the reflector being bent away from the axis, the lower major portion being bent tok ward the axis more closely than the upper portion and a lens for said reflector having means at each side thereof to deflect the light toward said axis and intermediate means to spread the light horizontally in opposite directions.

8. In a vehicle lamp comprising a reflector having a focal region, the major portions above and below the axis of said reflector being bent toward the axis and the major side portions of the reflector being bent away from the axis, the lower major portion being bent toward the axis more closely than the upper portion, a lens for said reflector having a flattened front and a marginal flangeextendin at a slight angle toits axis, the inner face 0 said front comprising a series of vertically extending parallel refraction prisms, the prisms at each side of the front being constructed todeflect the light toward said axis, the intermediate prisms having their upper ends terminating substantially at the therethrough unobreflectortz j "9. In a vehicle lamp comprising a reflector curved beam 'of light willbe projected axis of the reflector, said intermediate prisms being symmetrical to spread the light horizontally in both directions, and a source of light positioned in having a focal region, the major portions above and below the axis of said reflector being bent toward the axis and the major side portions of the reflector being bent away from the axis, the lower major portion being bent toward the axis more closely than the upper portioma lens for said reflector having a attened, conical-shaped front and a marginal flange extending at a slight an 1e to its axis, the inner face of said conica -shaped front comprising a series of vertically extending parallel refraction prisms, the prisms at each side of the front extending substantially equal distances above and below the axis, said prisms bein constructed to throw the light toward sai axis, the intermediate prisms having their upper ends terminating substantially at the axis of the reflector, said intermediate prisms being symmetrical to spread the light horizontally in both directions, said reflector being tilted sufliciently to project the upper edge of said reflector well into said lensand to retract the lower edge of said reflector awa from said lens, and a source of light positioned in the focal region the focal region of said' reflector having substantial portions aboveand below the axis of said reflector bent toward the axis, and substantial portions of the side sections bent away from the axis, the lower substantial portion being bent toward the axis more closel than the other portions, the surface of sai tially in rear of the plane passing through the focal region thereof.

11. In a light projector, a light source, a shallow reflector surface above the axis of the projector deformed from a true surface of mevolution and arranged in relation to the reflector being substanlight source to project the rays from the light source directly forward in a beam having its upper boundary line convex, and a shallow reflector surface below said axis substantially in the rear of a plane passing through the light source deformed from a true surface of revolution and positioned with relation to the light source to receive the ra s therefrom and project them forwardly in inverted position to produce a beam having its upper bound ary line convex, whereby both beams projected by said reflecting surfaces will have corresponding upper convex boundary lines.

12. In a light projector, a light source, a shallow reflecting surface inthe upper portion of the projector deformed from a true surface of revolution and arranged in relation to the light source to receive the 'ray 's therefrom an project them ,forwardly, and a reflecting' surface in the lower portion of said projector substantially in there'ar of a lane passing through the light source an deorme' f rom a true surface of revolution,- said last-mentioned surfacebeing positioned with.

ro'ect a subrelation to the light source to t. aving its stant-ially inverted beamof lig upper boundary line curved downivardly and substantially superimposedon the beam proje'cted bythe up r reflecting surface. 4

In witness w ereof, I hereunto'sub'scribe my name, this 16 da of Februa 1926.

' WALT R DARC RYAN. 

